Mr. Scott's 6th Grade Class
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Animal Characteristics

  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophs
  • Release energy from food
  • Cells need oxygen
  • Reproduce (Most reproduce sexually, some reproduce asexually)

Classification

Classified by:
- How it looks
- How it develops
- Content of DNA

Vertebrates - Animals with backbones
Invertebrates - Animals without backbones

Animal Symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry - One line that divides an animal into two equal halves. (mirror images)
Radial Symmetry - Animals with many lines of symmetry that all go through a central point.
No Symmetry - Animals that cannot be divided into equal halves by a line of symmetry.
Picture
Bilateral Symmetry
Picture
Radial Symmetry
Picture
No Symmetry

Sponges

Picture
  • Live in water all over world
  • Invertebrates
  • Generally no body symmetry
  • No tissue or organs
  • Has many tiny pores
  • Reproduces – Asexually (budding) and Sexual (fertilization)

Cnidarians

Picture
  • Invertebrates
  • Stinging cells to capture food and defend
  • Radial symmetry
  • Tentacles that contain stinging cells
  • Reproduces – Asexual and Sexual
  • Two types: Medusa and Polyp
  1. Medusa - Bowl-shaped body plan, Swimming life, Mouths open downward, Tentacles trail down
  2. Polyp - Vase-shaped body plan, Mouth opens at top, Tentacles spread out from mouth, Attaches to underwater surface

Worms

Picture
  • Invertebrates
  • No legs
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Reproduce – asexually and sexually
  • Three types: flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms.

Mollusks

Picture
  • Invertebrates
  • Unsegmented bodies
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Have an organ called a foot
  • Three types: gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods

Arthropods

Picture
  • Invertebrates
  • Exoskeleton – external skeleton
  • Molting: when an animal sheds the exoskeleton
  • Segmented body
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Appendages (used to move)
  • Reproduces sexually
  • Four Groups: insects, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes

Insects (Arthropods)

Picture
  • Largest group of arthropods
  • Three body sections (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • Three pairs of legs (six legs)
  • One pair of antennae
  • One or two pairs of wings
  • Complete Metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
  • Gradual Metamorphosis (egg, nymph, mini adult, adult)

Crustaceans (Arthropods)

Picture
  • Watery environments
  • Two or three body sections
  • Five or more pairs of legs
  • Two pairs of antennae
  • Gills to obtain oxygen
  • Scavengers or predators

Arachnids (Arthropods)

Picture
  • Two body sections
  • Four pairs of legs
  • No antennae
  • Four types: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions
  • Spiders - Predators, Hollow fangs, Spin webs
  • Ticks - Parasites, Sucks blood
  • Mites - Parasites, Live all over the world
  • Scorpions - Live in hot climates, Active at night, Spine-like stinger

Centipedes & Millipedes (Arthropods)

Picture
  • Two body sections
  • Numerous pairs of legs
  • One pair of antennae
  • Centipedes (One pair of legs per segment, Predator, inject venom)
  • Millipede (Two pairs of legs per segment, More than 80 segments, Scavengers)

Echinoderms (Arthropods)

Picture
  • Invertebrates
  • Endoskeleton – internal skeleton
  • Radial symmetry
  • Water vascular system
  • Reproduction – egg, larvae, metamorphosis
  • Major groups: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

Fish

Picture
  • Largest group of vertebrates
  • Live in water
  • Have fins to help swim
  • Ectotherms – Body temperature changes depending on the environment.
  • Obtain oxygen through gills
  • Have scales
  • Reproduce – external fertilization
  • Three groups: Jawless, Cartilaginous, Boney

Amphibians

Picture
  • Salamanders, frogs, and toads
  • Begins life in water, spends adulthood on land
  • Reproduces – egg, embryo, larvae, metamorphosis.
  • Gills as youth to get oxygen, lungs as adult
  • Strong skeletons and limbs to move on land

Reptiles

Picture
  • Vertebrates
  • Ectothermic
  • Scaly skin
  • Lay eggs on land
  • Oxygen from lungs
  • Carnivores
  • Groups: lizards, snakes, alligators, crocodiles, turtles

Birds

Picture
  • Vertebrates
  • Endothermic - Regulates body temp by controlling the internal heat it produces
  • Lay eggs
  • Have feathers
  • Most fly (hollow bones)
  • Scales on feet and legs
  • Bills  - used to capture, grip, and handle food

Mammals

Picture
  • Vertebrates
  • Endothermic
  • Skin covered with hair or fur
  • Most young born alive
  • Four-chamber heart, pair of lungs
  • Teeth – chew and tear food
  • Three groups: monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals
  • Monotremes - Just three species, two species of anteaters and the duck-billed platypus. Lay eggs, hatch young, and finish developing outside the egg.
  • Marsupials - Koalas, kangaroos, opossums. Young born at young age, develop in mother’s pouch
  • Placental - Most mammals, including humans. Young develops inside mother’s body until able to function independently

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